4. Charles Evans Hughes was appointed by President Taft in 1910. Hughes left the Court in 1916 in an abortive effort to become President himself. In 1930, he was appointed as Chief Justice by President Hoover.
John Rutledge served on the very first Supreme Court in 1789, but he left in 1791 to become the Chief Justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court. He felt he should have been appointed Chief Justice by Washington in the first place, so when John Jay vacated the Chief Justice position in 1795, Rutledge "graciously" made himself available to Washington. Washington obliged with an interim appointment, and Rutledge actually served a term as Chief Justice before his Senate confirmation process was undertaken. He then had the dubious distinction of being the first nominee rejected by the Senate.